Annalisa Ciabattini is professor of Microbiology in the "Microbial Immunity" group, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LA.M.M.B.) at the University of Siena. Her research focuses on the dynamics of host-pathogen interaction, utilizing both in vitro and in vivo approaches. She has a long experience in vaccine immunogenicity, both in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Recently, she has been among the proponents of two multicenter clinical studies aimed at characterizing the immune response elicited by vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 with mRNA-based or viral vector vaccines in healthy subjects and multiple cohorts of fragile patients.